Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO) - TAO Journal

Vol. 29, No. 6
December 2018

Table of Contents

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and
Oceanic Sciences (TAO)

ISSN:
1017-0839 (Print)
2311-7680 (Online)

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South China Sea Two-Island Monsoon Experiment (SCSTIMX): Observation, Simulation, and Projection

Submission deadline: 2019/03/31

Tectonic Evolution of Taiwan Orogenic Belt

Submission deadline: 2019/04/30

Recent Advances of the Electromagnetic Geophysics in East Asia

Submission deadline: 2019/02/28

Advanced Remote Sensing Technology and Development on Earth Observations

Submission deadline: 2019/02/28

An approach to improve the performance of the earthquake early warning system for the 2018 Hualien earthquake in Taiwan
Author:
- The concept of effective epicenter was implemented in the online system
- The online system can provide source parameters faster than the original one
- The online system can provide accuracy predicted intensity
- Author(s): Da-Yi Chen, Ting-Li Lin, Hsin-Chih Hsu, Yi-Chen Hsu, and Nai-Chi Hsiao
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.23.02
- Keywords: Earthquake Early Warning 0206 Hualien Earthquake Effective Epicenter
A fast algorithm for automatic phase picker and event location: Application to the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequences
Author:
- A fast algorithm developed for automatic phase picker and earthquake location
- Detection rate achieving 75% for M_L ≥ 2 and 100% for M_L ≥ 4 earthquakes in Taiwan
- Near real-time tracking spatiotemporal evolutions of the 2018 Hualien aftershocks
- Author(s): Yu-Hsuan Chang, Shu-Huei Hung, and Yen-Ling Chen
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.23.01
- Keywords: Automatic phase picker Associator AIC 2018 Hualien earthquake Mainshock Foreshock Aftershock
Ground-based GPS remote sensing for precipitable water vapor: A case study of the heat-island effect in Taipei
Author:
- Urban area had a rising temperature trend, approximately 0.7°C higher than suburb
- Average PWV increased approximately 6.7 mm from 2006 to 2014
- Cumulative rainfall increased approximately 54.7 mm from 2006 to 2014
- Author(s): Ta-Kang Yeh, Shih-Liang Chan, Hsuan-Chang Shih, and Kuan-Chen Su
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.22.01
- Keywords: GPS (global positioning system) meteorology PWV (precipitable water vapor) Heat island effect Global warming

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The roles of vertical wind shear and topography in formation of convective asymmetries in Typhoon Nanmadol (2011)
Author:
- The vertical wind shear dominates the formation of TC convective asymmetry
- Topography and model physics exert little influence on TC convective asymmetry
- Shear modulates the storm’s secondary circulation thus leads to TC asymmetry
- Author(s): Kun-Hsuan Chou, Chun-Ming Yeh, and Shu-Jeng Lin
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.16.01
- Keywords: Vertical wind shear Convection asymmetry Asymmetric secondary circulation
NTU/PU model simulations and observed flow over mountains
Author:
- Show NTU/PU model capability to simulate idealized non-symmetric flow
- Show NTU/PU model capability to simulate complex flow using real data and terrain
- Show realistic NTU/PU model simulation with uniform initial wind and real terrain
- Author(s): Patrick Haines, Wen-Yih Sun, Shu-Hua Chen, Wu-Ron Hsu, and Ming-En Hsieh
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.04.01
- Keywords: Nonhydrostatic model Compressible Forward backward Lee vortex Hydraulic jump Mountain waves
Influence of tropospheric temperature gradient on the boreal wintertime precipitation over East Asia
Author:
- A new index is defined to characterize the winter climate variability over East Asia
- The index reveals quite different flow structures in El Niño and La Niña years
- The structure implies distinct precipitation and moisture transport patterns
- Author(s): Bakshi Hardeep Vaid and X. San Liang
- DOI:
- Keywords: TT gradient Precipitation Thermal wind Boreal winter ENSO

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Dynamics of the South Java Coastal Current revealed by RAMA observing network
Author:
- The SJCC is the poorest observed eastern boundary current
- The SJCC is strongly driven by the remote forcing from the equatorial Indian Ocean
- Remote forcing from the equator is associated with the wind-forced Kelvin waves
- Author(s): Putri Adia Utari, Dedi Setiabudidaya, M. Yusup Nur Khakim, and Iskhaq Iskandar
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.14.01
- Keywords: Kelvin waves South Java Coastal Current RAMA buoy Remote forcing
Attribution of the growth of a distinct population of Synechococcus to the coverage of lateral water on an upwelling
Author:
- Quantities of various prokaryotic picoplankton in the upwelling were described
- Genetic phylogeny of prokaryotic picoplankton in the upwelling was reported
- Exchange of oligotrophic water and upwelling water promoted Synechococcus to grow
- Author(s): Chih-Ching Chung and Gwo-Ching Gong
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.09.26.01
- Keywords: Upwelling Kuroshio Current 16S rDNA phylogeny Prokaryotic picoplankton Synechococcus
Measurements of diffusion coefficient of methane in water/brine under high pressure
Author:
- Raman spectroscopy is applied to measure diffusion coefficient of methane
- Diffusion coefficient of methane in brine under high pressure is measured
- MD simulation is performed to calculate the diffusion coefficient of methane
- Author(s): Yen-An Chen, Che-Kang Chu, Yan-Ping Chen, Lee-Shin Chu, Shiang-Tai Lin, and Li-Jen Chen
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.02.23.02
- Keywords: Diffusion coefficient Methane Brine Molecular dynamics simulation
- Citation: Chen, Y.-A., C.-K. Chu, Y.-P. Chen, L.-S. Chu, S.-T. Lin, and L.-J. Chen, 2018: Measurements of diffusion coefficient of methane in water/brine under high pressure. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 29, 577-587, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2018.02.23.02

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Spatial and temporal distribution of low frequency volcanic earthquakes in the southern Okinawa Trough back-arc basin
Author:
- Distribution of the volcanic earthquakes in SOT is controlled by tectonic faults
- A time-related migration of volcanic events was revealed near KST
- LF earthquakes location coincides with the high magnetic anomalous area
- Author(s): Jing-Yi Lin, Wen-Nan Wu, Chih-Chieh Su, Ching-Hui Tsai, Hsu-Hsiao Sun, Yen-Fu Chen, Shao-Jinn Chin, and Yi-Chin Lin
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.12.24.01
- Keywords: Volcanic earthquake Southern Okinawa Trough Low frequency earthquake Hydrothermal vent Back arc basin Kueishantao
The Holocene paleo-environmental history of the Gangkou River estuary, Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan
Author:
- Combined geomorphological, stratigraphical, and geochronological approach
- Paleo-environmental data reveal eustatic sea level as primary forcing factor
- Uplift rates for last ~4.5 ka significantly lower than in previous studies
- Author(s): Christopher Lüthgens, Lih-Der Ho, Nikolaus Clemenz, Jia-Hong Chen, Chia-Hong Jen, Jiun-Yee Yen, and Shyh-Jeng Chyi
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.05.07.01
- Keywords: Taiwan Hengchun Peninsula Quartz and feldspar OSL dating pIRIR150 Double SAR Paleo environmental reconstruction Geochronology Eustatic sea level Uplift rate
- Citation: Lüthgens, C., L.-D. Ho, N. Clemenz, J.-H. Chen, C.-H. Jen, J.-Y. Yen, and S.-J. Chyi, 2018: The Holocene paleo-environmental history of the Gangkou River estuary, Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 29, 547-576, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2018.05.07.01
Monitoring the risk of large building collapse using persistent scatterer interferometry and GIS
Author:
- Persistent Scatterer-based Analysis of Displacement in Downtowns
- GIS-based Analysis of the Displacement Rates of each Large Buildings
- Precise Analysis of the Displacement Rates of each Large Buildings
- Author(s): Sang-Wan Kim, Jung-Hyun Choi, Sang-Hoon Hong, Ju-Hyung Lee, Jinwoo Cho, and Moung-Jin Lee
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.03.07.01
- Keywords: Persistent Scatterer TerraSAR X Displacement of large buildings GIS
- Citation: Kim, S.-W., J.-H. Choi, S.-H. Hong, J.-H. Lee, J. Cho, and M.-J. Lee, 2018: Monitoring the risk of large building collapse using persistent scatterer interferometry and GIS. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 29, 535-545, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2018.03.07.01

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Comparison of change detection methods based on the spatial chaotic model for synthetic aperture radar imagery
Author:
- The fractal method can easily distinguish buildings from SAR images
- The improved fractal method has good performance when identifying grass
- The SVM method better recognizes grass and buildings than the CFAR method
- Author(s): Chih-Hsuan Huang, Hsuan Ren, and Yu-Chang Tzeng
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.10.16.02
- Keywords: Fractal dimension Change detection Spatial chaotic model SVM DBC SAR
GNSS radio occultation profiles in the neutral atmosphere from inversion of excess phase data
Author:
- Inversion of radio occultation excess phase to geophysical profiles is implemented
- Retrieval uncertainties show very good agreement with official RO products
- A comparison with collocated radiosondes provides estimates of accuracy
- Author(s): Paweł Hordyniec, Cheng-Yung Huang, Chian-Yi Liu, Witold Rohm, and Shu-Ya Chen
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.10.12.01
- Keywords: Excess phase GNSS Occultation Radiosonde Refractivity Troposphere
Cloud component removal for shallow water depth retrieval with multi-spectral satellite imagery
Author:
- Linear unmixing is useful for cloud component removal in depth estimation
- Overall performance of BP neural network is better than the semi-analytical model
- Semi-analytical model has less probability in producing large errors than the BP
- Author(s): Po-Yao Tsou, Peter Tian-Yuan Shih, and Tee-Ann Teo
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.09.10.01
- Keywords: Linear spectral un mixing Optical properties Bathymetry

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Uncertainty evaluation of SWAT model for snowmelt runoff in a Himalayan watershed
Author:
- SWAT model was applied to the high altitude Himalayan watershed (2001-2009)
- Model results improved significantly when elevation bands are considered
- The SUFI-2 algorithm was used to quantify the associated uncertainty
- Author(s): Tanveer Abbas, Fiaz Hussain, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad Waseem Boota, and Ray -Shyan Wu
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.10.08.01
- Keywords: SWAT Snowmelt Uncertainty SUFI 2 Elevation Bands
Estimation of water use efficiency in the terrestrial ecosystems of the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Author:
- For EBF, DNF and DBF, the water use efficiency decreased
- The maximum value of WUE occurred in the southern and northwestern parts
- GPP increased with LAI, while ET did not increase linearly with LAI
- Author(s): Fan Wang, Hong Jiang, Min Cheng, Linjing Zhang, Jian Liu, and Kunyong Yu
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.09.07.01
- Keywords: Gross primary productivity (GPP) Evapotranspiration (ET) water use efficiency (WUE) vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) revised remote sensing Penman Monteith (RRS PM) model leaf area index (LAI)
Probabilistic characteristics of lag time between meteorological and hydrological droughts using a Bayesian model
Author:
- Estimate lag time between hydrological and meteorological droughts using SPI and SPEI
- Find probabilistic relationship of lag time with meteorological drought intensity
- Probability of lag time is higher at lower intensity and varies with index type
- Author(s): Muhammad Nouman Sattar and Tae-Woong Kim
- DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2018.07.01.01
- Keywords: Bayesian network Drought index Drought intensity Lag time
- Citation: Probabilistic characteristics of lag time between meteorological and hydrological droughts using a Bayesian model. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 29, 709-720, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2018.07.01.01

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